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block caving

Block caving mine. Courtesy of Andrew Mattox (CC By 2.0)
Block diagram illustrating surficial and subterranean elements that accompany ground subsidence due to block caving of ore. The Caved Rock Zone is surrounded by tension cracks, block collapse, and a surface fracture zone.
When the ground comes tumbling down: Subsidence that accompanies block caving
Arizona Mining Review
Minerals & Mining
 - 9 February 2020
The San Manuel copper mine of SE Arizona provides an example of ground subsidence that accompanies block caving.
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